{"id":14009,"date":"2021-11-15T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=14009"},"modified":"2021-11-15T07:29:56","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T06:29:56","slug":"le-metier-de-voiturier-par-eau-aux-xviie-et-xviiie-siecles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=14009","title":{"rendered":"M comme M\u00e9tier : voiturier par eau"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 d’apr\u00e8s la conf\u00e9rence de Mme<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0de <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0PERSON<\/em><\/strong>
Paru dans le Touraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0<\/strong><\/em>\u00a010<\/strong><\/em>
Rubrique \u00ab<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Histoire et g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le voiturier par eau ne se pr\u00e9occupe pas si la Loire est navigable\u2026 elle est navigu\u00e9e. C\u2019est l\u2019axe majeur du commerce int\u00e9rieur fran\u00e7ais ; son bassin repr\u00e9sente 20 % du territoire national.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A la descente, le courant entra\u00eene les bateaux. A la remont\u00e9e, la force du vent peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Orl\u00e9ans. Au-del\u00e0 il faut avoir recours au halage. Les obstacles \u00e0 la navigation sont principalement les crues, le manque d\u2019eau en \u00e9t\u00e9, la pr\u00e9sence de d\u00e9bris dans le lit du fleuve, la difficult\u00e9 de suivre le chenal qui longe tant\u00f4t la rive droite, tant\u00f4t la rive gauche. Ce chenal est entretenu r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement et balis\u00e9 par la Communaut\u00e9 des Marchands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chaland de Loire (source WikiAnjou)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le bateau, chaland ou gabare, est adapt\u00e9 aux n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s du fleuve : il est plat, souple et sans quille. Pour r\u00e9partir la charge, on utilise des trains de trois ou quatre bateaux. Les sapines utilis\u00e9es pour le transport du charbon du Massif Central sont \u00ab d\u00e9chir\u00e9es  \u00bb \u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 Nantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le passage des ponts est une man\u0153uvre d\u00e9licate. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral les ponts ont une ou deux arches \u00ab marini\u00e8res \u00bb, plus larges et plus hautes que les autres, pour faciliter le passage des bateaux. On passe les ponts \u00e0 la vol\u00e9e : le premier bateau abaisse son m\u00e2t et sa voile et franchit le pont pouss\u00e9 par le deuxi\u00e8me bateau ; puis, lorsqu\u2019il est pass\u00e9, il tire le deuxi\u00e8me et ainsi de suite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le m\u00e9tier de voiturier par eau est un m\u00e9tier ouvert, il n\u2019y a pas de corporation ni d\u2019apprentissage. On y rel\u00e8ve beaucoup d\u2019endogamie qui conduit \u00e0 la lign\u00e9e de mariniers. Cela leur donne tout un r\u00e9seau de relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le personnage-clef c\u2019est le marchand qui d\u00e9cide de la cargaison et fixe les conditions de son transport. Le voiturier n\u2019est qu\u2019un ex\u00e9cutant, mais il est responsable de son fret. Il lui faut une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre suffisante, qu\u2019il recrute dans son entourage familial ou par contrat d\u2019association. Le montant des salaires est fonction de la hi\u00e9rarchie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des r\u00e8glements successifs ont codifi\u00e9 la navigation, le transport des marchandises et des voyageurs, les relations entre les divers usagers du fleuve (voituriers, meuniers et p\u00eacheurs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les voituriers par eau ne peuvent pas toujours tenir leurs engagements pour des raisons diverses : engravage, intemp\u00e9ries, temp\u00eates, emb\u00e2cle, accidents avec des moulins \u00e0 bacs. Les naufrages sont malheureusement trop fr\u00e9quents et la marchandise coul\u00e9e ne peut pas toujours \u00eatre r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9e, surtout s\u2019il s\u2019agit de sel ou de sucre ! Le paiement des p\u00e9ages retarde aussi le voyage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les voituriers par eau sont des gens ouverts, au courant de toutes les nouvelles qui circulent par le fleuve, solidaires et pr\u00eats \u00e0 se d\u00e9vouer lors des inondations. On les dit aussi violents, trompeurs (parfois impliqu\u00e9s dans la contrebande du sel) et port\u00e9s sur la boisson. Mais gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 eux, la Loire et ses affluents \u00e9taient autrefois des rivi\u00e8res vivantes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 d’apr\u00e8s la conf\u00e9rence de Mme\u00a0de \u00a0PERSONParu dans le Touraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0\u00a010Rubrique \u00ab\u00a0Histoire et g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie\u00a0\u00bb Le voiturier par eau ne se pr\u00e9occupe pas si la Loire est navigable\u2026 elle est navigu\u00e9e. C\u2019est l\u2019axe majeur du commerce int\u00e9rieur fran\u00e7ais ; son bassin repr\u00e9sente 20 % du territoire national. A la descente, le courant entra\u00eene les bateaux. A Lire plus …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3654957,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,12,104,191],"tags":[],"post_folder":[168],"class_list":["post-14009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire-et-genealogie","category-touraine-genealogie","category-vallee-de-la-loire","category-vie-sociale"],"yoast_head":"\nM comme M\u00e9tier : voiturier par eau - Le Blog du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=14009\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M comme M\u00e9tier : voiturier par eau - Le Blog du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 d’apr\u00e8s la conf\u00e9rence de Mme\u00a0de \u00a0PERSONParu dans le Touraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0\u00a010Rubrique \u00ab\u00a0Histoire et g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie\u00a0\u00bb Le voiturier par eau ne se pr\u00e9occupe pas si la Loire est navigable\u2026 elle est navigu\u00e9e. 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r\u00e9dig\u00e9 d’apr\u00e8s la conf\u00e9rence de Mme\u00a0de \u00a0PERSONParu dans le Touraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0\u00a010Rubrique \u00ab\u00a0Histoire et g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie\u00a0\u00bb Le voiturier par eau ne se pr\u00e9occupe pas si la Loire est navigable\u2026 elle est navigu\u00e9e. C\u2019est l\u2019axe majeur du commerce int\u00e9rieur fran\u00e7ais ; son bassin repr\u00e9sente 20 % du territoire national. A la descente, le courant entra\u00eene les bateaux. A\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14009","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14009"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14009\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4120869,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14009\/revisions\/4120869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3654957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14009"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_folder&post=14009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}