{"id":5770250,"date":"2023-11-27T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5770250"},"modified":"2023-11-27T09:40:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T08:40:13","slug":"ernest-henry-wilson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5770250","title":{"rendered":"W comme… WILSON Ernest Henry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Article de Catherine ROUQUET
du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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La plupart des gens s’imaginent que l’Indiana Jones des films de George\u00a0Lucas est un personnage fictif. Eh bien non !
George LUCAS a bas\u00e9 en partie ses histoires de l’arch\u00e9ologue aventurier sur un v\u00e9ritable personnage : le botaniste britannique Ernest Henry WILSON dit \u00ab\u00a0le chinois\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>qui a parcouru l’Asie, dont la Chine, au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle dernier.
La carri\u00e8re de WILSON fut tellement remplie d’aventures qu’on peut difficilement croire qu’il voyageait dans le simple but de ramasser des plantes. Il a affront\u00e9 des bandits, des r\u00e9volutions, des animaux sauvages, la malaria et des serpents venimeux, travers\u00e9 des montagnes, des d\u00e9serts, des torrents imp\u00e9tueux et de fr\u00eales ponts alpins suspendus au-dessus des ravins profonds.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Voici son histoire…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rien ne pr\u00e9destinait le jeune WILSON \u00e0 la vie d’explorateur. Mais \u00e0 la vie de botaniste, oui. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e9 le 15 f\u00e9vrier 1876 dans le village de Chipping Camden, en Angleterre, il \u00e9tait le fils du fleuriste du village. Il a donc immerg\u00e9 dans le monde horticole d\u00e8s sa plus tendre enfance. Jeune, il quitta l’\u00e9cole pour devenir apprenti jardinier, mais fut remarqu\u00e9 \u00e0 16 ans pour ses profondes connaissances botaniques par le Jardin botanique de Birmingham, qui lui offrit un emploi. Pendant cet apprentissage, il se mit \u00e0 suivre des cours d’horticulture le soir et fut un \u00e9tudiant si brillant qu’il gagna le Prix de la reine pour la botanique.
En 1897, le Jardin botanique de Kew l’engagea pour faire de la recherche et publier des trait\u00e9s botaniques. Ainsi, il aurait tr\u00e8s bien pu finir sa vie comme scientifique \u00e9rudit enferm\u00e9 dans une biblioth\u00e8que poussi\u00e9reuse… mais l’aventure l’appelait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Il fut engag\u00e9 \u00e0 la p\u00e9pini\u00e8re John Veitch & Sons comme explorateur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1899, on l’envoya en Chine \u00e0 la recherche d’un arbre presque mythique, l’arbre aux mouchoirs.
Pendant 10 mois, il continua ses recherches pour enfin trouver un petit bosquet de l’arbre dans une vall\u00e9e perdue.
Il retourna en Angleterre avec non seulement l’arbre tant convoit\u00e9, mais aussi avec des semences, des boutures et des bulbes de 305 autres esp\u00e8ces<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ses exp\u00e9ditions se multipli\u00e8rent ; ainsi il voyagea en Chine, en Cor\u00e9e, au Formosa (Taiwan), au Japon et en Australie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Au cours de sa vie, il introduisit quelque 2000 nouvelles esp\u00e8ces\u2009: des rosiers, des rhododendrons, des primev\u00e8res, des hydrang\u00e9es, des magnolias, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plus de 60 plantes furent nomm\u00e9es en son honneur, dont le magnolia de WILSON (Magnolia WILSONii<\/em>) et l’\u00e9pinette de WILSON (Picea WILSONii<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il rapporta aussi un fruit que nous connaissons bien, le kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa<\/em>), et deux arbustes qui font partie de la palette des jardiniers qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois : le forsythia (Forsythia ovata<\/em>) et le kolkwitzia (Kolkwitzia amabilis<\/em>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Forsythia ovata<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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La plante qui a le plus marqu\u00e9 la vie de WILSON fut un joli lis trompette : le lis royal (Lilium regale<\/em>). Il le d\u00e9couvrit en Chine, o\u00f9 il ne pousse que dans une seule vall\u00e9e isol\u00e9e : la vall\u00e9e Min. Il essaya par trois fois de ramener ce lis de la Chine : en 1903 il ne r\u00e9ussit qu’\u00e0 rapporter des sp\u00e9cimens s\u00e9ch\u00e9s. Il lan\u00e7a une nouvelle exp\u00e9dition en 1908 afin de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des bulbes, mais ils pourrirent lors du long trajet vers l’Occident. Il retourna donc une troisi\u00e8me fois, en 1910, et r\u00e9ussit mieux cette fois-ci, car il renvoya 7000 bulbes \u00e0 Boston, mais presque au prix de sa vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lors de l’exp\u00e9dition de retour, en effet, sa caravane fut emport\u00e9e par un \u00e9boulement. Il subit une facture de la jambe droite et dut la fixer \u00e0 une attelle de fortune faite d’un pied d’appareil photo. Il fallut par la suite qu’il marche pendant trois jours avant de trouver du secours. Juste \u00e0 temps, car la gangr\u00e8ne faisait d\u00e9j\u00e0 son \u0153uvre. De ce fait, il marcha en boitant pour le reste de sa vie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Voyager commen\u00e7a \u00e0 lui peser et, en 1927, il mit fin \u00e0 ses aventures dans les r\u00e9gions \u00e9loign\u00e9es.
En 1929, il publiait son chef-d\u2019\u0153uvre d’horticulture intitul\u00e9 \u00ab<\/em> La Chine, jardin maternel<\/em> \u00bb<\/em> (China, mother of gardens).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’ann\u00e9e suivante, le 15 octobre 1930 \u00e0 Worcester, Massachusetts, le grand aventurier, \u00e2g\u00e9 de 53 ans, et son \u00e9pouse moururent b\u00eatement dans un accident d’auto. Le couple est enterr\u00e9 au Cimeti\u00e8re Mont-Royal, \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Son h\u00e9ritage continue d’influencer le domaine de la botanique et son nom est synonyme d’exploration v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et d’introduction d’esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales asiatiques en Occident.
Encore aujourd’hui des exp\u00e9ditions d’exploration botaniques parcourent le globe, dans les r\u00e9gions recul\u00e9es de l’Amazonie, de l’Afrique et de la Chine, exp\u00e9ditions qui rapportent encore des dizaines de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces chaque ann\u00e9e. Il y a beaucoup \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir encore dans le monde v\u00e9g\u00e9tal !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ses d\u00e9couvertes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le kolkwitzia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Il a d\u00e9couvert le kolkwitzia en 1889 en Chine, \u00e0 l’ouest de la province de l’Hubei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scientifiquement connu sous le nom de Kolkwitzia amabilis<\/em> ou Beauty Bush<\/em>, c\u2019est un arbuste buissonnant, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement arrondi, \u00e0 feuillage caduc et \u00e0 croissance assez rapide, pouvant atteindre 3 m\u00e8tres en hauteur et en largeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il appartient \u00e0 la famille des Caprifoliac\u00e9es et est cultiv\u00e9 pour ses qualit\u00e9s ornementales. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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La plante se caract\u00e9rise par ses belles fleurs roses mellif\u00e8res, tr\u00e8s parfum\u00e9es, en forme de clochettes. Il est connu pour \u00eatre un arbuste rustique qui peut s’adapter \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents types de sols et tol\u00e9rer des conditions de s\u00e9cheresse. Il produit des fleurs rose clair en forme de trompette en mai et juin. Cet arbuste n\u00e9cessite relativement peu d’entretien, ce qui en fait un choix populaire dans les jardins pour sa facilit\u00e9 de culture et son apparence attrayante.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

oo 0 oo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le kiwi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C’est en 1899 qu’Ernest Henry WILSON ramena quelques sp\u00e9cimens de kiwi, ce qui valut au fruit d’\u00eatre parfois surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab<\/em> groseille de WILSON<\/em> \u00bb<\/em>. Les fruits n\u2019\u00e9taient pas plus gros que des noix, comme le rapportent en 1904 les p\u00e9pini\u00e9ristes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Veitch, m\u00eame s’il existait bel et bien en Chine des fruits de la taille d’une grosse prune.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Le choix du nom \u00ab\u00a0kiwi\u00a0\u00bb pour d\u00e9signer le fruit provient de la ressemblance entre l’oiseau et le fruit qui est petit, marron, dodu, et sa surface est velue, ce qui \u00e9voque des similitudes avec l’oiseau kiwi.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Au d\u00e9but du XX\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le kiwi a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande, o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 cultiv\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s, amor\u00e7ant le d\u00e9but d’une industrie qui se r\u00e9v\u00e8lera consid\u00e9rable pour le pays.
Sa culture s’est r\u00e9pandue ensuite dans le monde entier. Aujourd’hui, le kiwi est un fruit largement appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 pour son go\u00fbt unique et ses bienfaits pour la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article de Catherine ROUQUETdu Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine La plupart des gens s’imaginent que l’Indiana Jones des films de George\u00a0Lucas est un personnage fictif. Eh bien non ! George LUCAS a bas\u00e9 en partie ses histoires de l’arch\u00e9ologue aventurier sur un v\u00e9ritable personnage : le botaniste britannique Ernest Henry WILSON dit \u00ab\u00a0le chinois\u00a0\u00bb qui a Lire plus …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5770667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,14,259],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5770250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-challengeaz","category-histoire-et-genealogie","category-jardins"],"yoast_head":"\nW comme... 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de Catherine ROUQUETdu Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine La plupart des gens s’imaginent que l’Indiana Jones des films de George\u00a0Lucas est un personnage fictif. Eh bien non ! George LUCAS a bas\u00e9 en partie ses histoires de l’arch\u00e9ologue aventurier sur un v\u00e9ritable personnage : le botaniste britannique Ernest Henry WILSON dit \u00ab\u00a0le chinois\u00a0\u00bb qui a\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5770250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5770250"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5770250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5771435,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5770250\/revisions\/5771435"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5770667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5770250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5770250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5770250"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_folder&post=5770250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}