{"id":5770984,"date":"2023-11-04T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5770984"},"modified":"2023-10-30T12:25:30","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T10:25:30","slug":"d-comme-dionaea-muscipula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5770984","title":{"rendered":"D comme… Dionaea muscipula, pi\u00e8ge au nectar sucr\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Article de Catherine ROUQUET
du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Dionaea muscipula (<\/em>Dionaea signifie \u00ab n\u00e9e de Dion\u00e9e [divine reine] \u00bb serait une ancienne et importante D\u00e9esse.
Muscipula<\/em> : signifie sourici\u00e8re, pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 souris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Dion\u00e9e attrape-mouches V\u00e9nus fut d\u00e9couverte en 1759 par Arthur<\/strong> DOBBS<\/strong>, alors gouverneur de Caroline du Nord. C\u2019est en observant sa technique de chasse qu\u2019il lui donna le nom de \u00ab plante carnivore \u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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La dion\u00e9e fut historiquement la premi\u00e8re des plantes carnivores connue. Des sp\u00e9cimens furent envoy\u00e9s au botaniste anglais John<\/strong> ELLIS<\/strong>. En 1768, ce dernier la nomma V\u00e9nus en hommage \u00e0 la beaut\u00e9 de sa couleur rouge, l\u2019un des noms de la d\u00e9esse de l\u2019amour.<\/p>\n\n\n

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La plante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Dionaea muscipula<\/em> est une petite plante aux feuilles distinctives dot\u00e9es de structures en forme de m\u00e2choires. La plante attire les insectes avec du nectar sucr\u00e9 : ses feuilles contiennent des poils sensibles qui provoquent la fermeture rapide de ce pi\u00e8ge lorsqu’ils sont touch\u00e9s par une mouche ou autre insecte. Le pi\u00e8ge, connu pour son m\u00e9canisme de pi\u00e9geage unique, emprisonne et dig\u00e8re sa proie.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Originaire d’Am\u00e9rique du Nord, en particulier dans les zones mar\u00e9cageuses du littoral de Caroline, sur la c\u00f4te Est des Etats-Unis, le pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 mouches V\u00e9nus pousse dans des sols pauvres en sels min\u00e9raux dans les marais acides, les tourbi\u00e8res. C’est pourquoi il a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un comportement carnivore afin d’obtenir des nutriments essentiels. Il pousse entour\u00e9 d\u2019autres v\u00e9g\u00e9taux et m\u00eame, parfois, avec d\u2019autres plantes carnivores. Il supporte un climat chaud en \u00e9t\u00e9 et frais en hiver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les racines p\u00e9n\u00e8trent \u00e0 une profondeur de 10 \u00e0 15 cm et le rhizome, bien enfoui, permet la survie de la plante apr\u00e8s de rudes conditions (gel\u00e9es, feux de broussailles\u2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malheureusement de fr\u00e9quents incendies et des collectes sauvages menacent la survie de cette plante unique, ce qui conduit \u00e0 des efforts de conservation pour la prot\u00e9ger dans son habitat naturel. Aussi figure-t-elle dans la liste rouge de L’Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (UICN) avec les cotations \u00ab R \u00bb (rare) et \u00ab E \u00bb (en danger) pour les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 mouches V\u00e9nus peut \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9 comme plante d’int\u00e9rieur, mais il n\u00e9cessite des conditions sp\u00e9cifiques notamment un environnement humide, une lumi\u00e8re vive mais indirecte, et l’utilisation d’eau distill\u00e9e pour \u00e9viter l’accumulation de min\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OO0OO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arthur DOBBS et John ELLIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Arthur DOBBS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Arthur DOBBS, n\u00e9 en 1689 en \u00c9cosse et mort en 1765 en Caroline du Nord, est un riche propri\u00e9taire terrien, homme politique britannique et gouverneur colonial de la province de Caroline du Nord des \u00c9tats-Unis.

Il a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le \u00e0 la fois dans l’exploration et dans le monde de la botanique, laissant un h\u00e9ritage dans ces domaines. Ses efforts pour \u00e9tudier les plantes carnivores ont laiss\u00e9 un impact durable.

C’est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 lui que nous avons le terme \u00ab plante carnivore \u00bb<\/em> dans le contexte de la botanique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le 24 janvier 1760, il \u00e9crit une lettre au botaniste anglais Peter COLLINSON : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La grande merveille du r\u00e8gne v\u00e9g\u00e9tal est une esp\u00e8ce sensitive inconnue et tr\u00e8s curieuse. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une plante naine dont les feuilles ressemblent au segment pr\u00e9cis d\u2019une sph\u00e8re et sont form\u00e9s de deux moiti\u00e9s semblables \u00e0 un gousset<\/em> ; leurs parties concaves sont tourn\u00e9es vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur et chacune d\u2019elles a un bord repli\u00e9 \u00e0 marges dentel\u00e9es, comme un pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 renard. Et elles se referment justement comme un pi\u00e8ge d\u00e8s que quelque chose les touche ou tombe entre elles<\/em> ; c\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019elles emprisonnent tout insecte ou objet \u00e0 leur port\u00e9e<\/em> ; cette plante surprenante produit une fleur blanche et je l\u2019ai baptis\u00e9e du nom de <\/em>Fly Trap Sensitive (dion\u00e9e attrape-mouches).<\/em>\u00bb
Peter Collinson transmettra le courrier \u00e0 John ELLIS qui la nommera Dionaea muscipula<\/em>, premi\u00e8re fleur carnivore connue, qui la transmettra \u00e0 von LINN\u00c9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1768, des sp\u00e9cimens vivants sont envoy\u00e9s en Angleterre. Le botaniste John LLIS soup\u00e7onne ce mode de nutrition. Il adresse au \u00ab prince des naturalistes \u00bb <\/em>Carl von LINN\u00c9 un sp\u00e9cimen dess\u00e9ch\u00e9, ainsi qu\u2019une description d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de la plante. Le su\u00e9dois, doutant de sa \u00ab<\/em><\/em> carnivorit\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb<\/em>, pr\u00e9f\u00e8re classer le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, le consid\u00e9rant comme extraordinaire et accidentel. Une de ses plus grandes erreurs. Il nomme en tout \u00e9tat de cause la plante \u00ab Venus attrape-mouche \u00bb <\/em>en s\u2019inspirant\u2026 de la d\u00e9esse de l\u2019amour et de la beaut\u00e9 de la mythologie romaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La carnivorit\u00e9 de la \u00ab V\u00e9nus attrape-mouche \u00bb ne sera d\u00e9montr\u00e9e que vers 1865, par un certain Charles DARWIN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OO0OO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

John ELLIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u00e9 vers 1710 en Irlande et d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 15 octobre 1776 \u00e0 Londres, il a eu une carri\u00e8re aux multiples facettes en tant que biologiste, botaniste, zoologiste, illustrateur botanique et marchand sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le commerce du lin \u00e0 Londres.

Il est connu pour avoir d\u00e9crit le premier la Dionaea muscipula<\/em>.
Une belle gravure de cette plante fut dessin\u00e9e et color\u00e9e de sa main.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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ELLIS a exp\u00e9di\u00e9 de nombreuses semences et sp\u00e9cimens de plantes mais, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, le transport des plantes \u00e0 travers les oc\u00e9ans s\u2019av\u00e9rait tr\u00e8s difficile car il pouvait durer plusieurs mois. M\u00eame plant\u00e9s dans du sable ou emball\u00e9s dans des bo\u00eetes herm\u00e9tiquement closes, les semences, les souches ou les bulbes pourrissaient ou se dess\u00e9chaient.

ELLIS fut le meilleur transporteur de plantes exotiques du XVIII\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle en mettant au point des m\u00e9thodes de collectes de semences et de plantes, imaginant d\u2019astucieuses conservations pour les garder viables durant les longs trajets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Sources :<\/strong>
– baleinesousgravillon.com\/plantes-carnivores
– techno-science.net\/glossaire-definition
– unjournaldumonde.org
– informations-documents.com\/environnement
– newsjardintv.com<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article de Catherine ROUQUETdu Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine Dionaea muscipula (Dionaea signifie \u00ab n\u00e9e de Dion\u00e9e [divine reine] \u00bb serait une ancienne et importante D\u00e9esse.Muscipula : signifie sourici\u00e8re, pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 souris. La Dion\u00e9e attrape-mouches V\u00e9nus fut d\u00e9couverte en 1759 par Arthur DOBBS, alors gouverneur de Caroline du Nord. C\u2019est en observant sa technique de chasse qu\u2019il lui donna le nom Lire plus …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5770648,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,259],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5770984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-challengeaz","category-jardins"],"yoast_head":"\nD comme... 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de Catherine ROUQUETdu Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine Dionaea muscipula (Dionaea signifie \u00ab n\u00e9e de Dion\u00e9e [divine reine] \u00bb serait une ancienne et importante D\u00e9esse.Muscipula : signifie sourici\u00e8re, pi\u00e8ge \u00e0 souris. La Dion\u00e9e attrape-mouches V\u00e9nus fut d\u00e9couverte en 1759 par Arthur DOBBS, alors gouverneur de Caroline du Nord. C\u2019est en observant sa technique de chasse qu\u2019il lui donna le nom\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5770984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5770984"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5770984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5771054,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5770984\/revisions\/5771054"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5770648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5770984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5770984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5770984"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_folder&post=5770984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}