{"id":5771763,"date":"2024-11-26T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5771763"},"modified":"2024-11-01T14:34:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T13:34:02","slug":"des-cyclistes-au-service-de-la-nation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5771763","title":{"rendered":"V comme V\u00e9lo G\u00e9rard : des cyclistes au service de la Nation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Article de +Jacqueline JOUANNET
paru dans le bulletin trimestriel<\/em><\/strong>
Touraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0 103<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un industriel, Charles MOREL<\/strong>, r\u00e9alise un prototype de v\u00e9lo pliant en 1892.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 cette m\u00eame \u00e9poque le lieutenant Henri G\u00c9RARD<\/strong> imagine l’usage d’une bicyclette pliante pour l’arm\u00e9e, que les soldats peuvent porter sur leur dos en mauvais terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BnF Gallica<\/em><\/a>
Journal La bicyclette – 5 octobre 1894<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les deux hommes se rencontrent et finalisent une bicyclette pliante qui sera produite par Peugeot : elle sera expos\u00e9e au Salon du Cycle \u00e0 Paris en d\u00e9cembre 1894.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C’est un v\u00e9ritable succ\u00e8s publique : vingt-cinq mod\u00e8les seront ensuite command\u00e9s au lieutenant pour l’Arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise, mais aussi pour les arm\u00e9es russes et roumaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L’arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise : \u00e9dition mensuelle
sp\u00e9ciale au cyclisme militaire <\/em>
(publi\u00e9e par L’Union militaire le 1er<\/sup> janvier 1897)<\/em>
BnF Gallica<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Promu capitaine, G\u00c9RARD atteint une certaine c\u00e9l\u00e9brit\u00e9 ; cela am\u00e8nera la rupture de son partenariat avec MOREL, v\u00e9ritable p\u00e8re de ce concept.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Le brevet est alors vendu \u00e0 Peugeot en 1899 et la bicyclette pliante est produite jusqu’en 1914, avec une version modernis\u00e9e comprenant garde-boue et nouveau guidon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne l’arm\u00e9e, les premi\u00e8res exp\u00e9rimentations datent d’un d\u00e9cret du 2 avril 1892, sous la direction du Capitaine G\u00c9RARD : il cr\u00e9e dans son r\u00e9giment, le 87\u00e8me<\/sup> de Ligne, un groupe de 12 cyclistes. En 1898, ce groupe atteint l’effectif d’une compagnie. Des unit\u00e9s exp\u00e9rimentales sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de 1895 : le 17 juin 1896 leur tenue est fix\u00e9e. Le 9 mai 1899, le 2\u00e8me<\/sup> et le 6\u00e8me<\/sup> Corps sont dot\u00e9s de compagnies cyclistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’importance de ce v\u00e9lo est officiellement reconnue en 1901 : le 14 juillet, les fantassins cyclistes d\u00e9filent sur les Champs \u00c9lys\u00e9es ; G\u00c9RARD est alors re\u00e7u par le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1903, toutes les compagnies cyclistes sont transf\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 des corps de chassseurs. Le 20 mai 1905, elles sont transform\u00e9es en compagnies permanentes. Petit \u00e0 petit l’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour des unit\u00e9s cyclistes se perd et ne refait surface que dans les ann\u00e9es 1911-1912.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 4 avril 1913, un d\u00e9cret pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation des Groupes de Chasseurs Cyclistes\u00a0: ces GCC sont officiellement constitu\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d’octobre 1913.
Ces corps de chasseurs autonomes sont rattach\u00e9s aux dix divisions de cavalerie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Chaque chasseur est \u00e9quip\u00e9 d’une bicyclette pliante mod\u00e8le G\u00e9rard, qui p\u00e8se 13 kilos ; elle est toujours fabriqu\u00e9e par Peugeot et est \u00e9quip\u00e9e de pneumatiques Michelin.
Le chasseur porte le k\u00e9pi, mais a la vareuse et le pantalon bleu fonc\u00e9 des chasseurs. Ces chasseurs cyclistes sont souvent confondus avec les agents de liaison cyclistes des r\u00e9giments d’infanterie : ceux-ci ont la m\u00eame vareuse, mais avec un insigne figurant un v\u00e9lo sur le collet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ces compagnies sont transform\u00e9es en 10 groupes de chasseurs cyclistes subordonn\u00e9s aux 10 divisions de cavalerie de l’arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise. Ces groupes comprennent 2 capitaines, 1 m\u00e9decin, 1 officier des d\u00e9tails, 1 \u00e9tat-major de 17 hommes, 3 pelotons \u00e0 2 officiers et 8 sous-officiers, 121 caporaux et chasseurs ; chacun est divis\u00e9 en 3 escouades, soit au total 417 hommes.
Leur r\u00f4le est de soutenir la cavalerie amie et de lui apporter des capacit\u00e9s de combat d’infanterie contre la cavalerie et l’infanterie adverses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les premi\u00e8res semaines de la guerre, ces groupes ont un r\u00f4le actif dans leurs divisions de cavalerie.
\u00c0 partir de 1915, les r\u00e9servistes de la cavalerie remplacent progressivement une partie des chasseurs cyclistes. En juin 1916, ils sont r\u00e9duits de moiti\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces groupes sont utilis\u00e9s lors de la bataille des fronti\u00e8res et la bataille de la Marne, mais leur activit\u00e9 s’arr\u00eate avec la guerre de mouvement de 1916 \u00e0 1918. En 1918, l’effectif revient \u00e0 son maximum et les chasseurs cyclistes sont \u00e0 nouveau au premier plan.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Les tubes se font en acier tremp\u00e9 \u00e9tir\u00e9 \u00e0 froid et sans soudure <\/em>
(un peu moins de 3 kg de tube dans une bicyclette)<\/em>
BnF Gallica<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Sources <\/strong><\/em>
– Gallica
– www.vieuxvelosdefrance.free.fr
– www.velo-design.com\/bicyclette-pliante-capitaine-gerard<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article de +Jacqueline JOUANNETparu dans le bulletin trimestrielTouraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0 103 Un industriel, Charles MOREL, r\u00e9alise un prototype de v\u00e9lo pliant en 1892. \u00c0 cette m\u00eame \u00e9poque le lieutenant Henri G\u00c9RARD imagine l’usage d’une bicyclette pliante pour l’arm\u00e9e, que les soldats peuvent porter sur leur dos en mauvais terrain. BnF GallicaJournal La bicyclette – 5 Lire plus …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5772794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,454,9],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5771763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-challengeaz","category-cyclisme","category-guerre-14-18"],"yoast_head":"\nV comme V\u00e9lo G\u00e9rard : des cyclistes au service de la Nation - Le Blog du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5771763\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V comme V\u00e9lo G\u00e9rard : des cyclistes au service de la Nation - Le Blog du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Article de +Jacqueline JOUANNETparu dans le bulletin trimestrielTouraine G\u00e9n\u00e9alogie n\u00b0 103 Un industriel, Charles MOREL, r\u00e9alise un prototype de v\u00e9lo pliant en 1892. \u00c0 cette m\u00eame \u00e9poque le lieutenant Henri G\u00c9RARD imagine l’usage d’une bicyclette pliante pour l’arm\u00e9e, que les soldats peuvent porter sur leur dos en mauvais terrain. 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