\u00e8me<\/sup>, et Napol\u00e9on en fait une des clefs de l\u2019organisation du Premier Empire.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nD\u2019abord r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux messages de l\u2019\u00e9tat, des postes et des agents, le r\u00e9seau s\u2019ouvre en 1824 aux informations de nature commerciale : vendeurs et acheteurs priv\u00e9s se servent des s\u00e9maphores pour n\u00e9gocier les tarifs et les volumes de toutes les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res imaginables.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe optique ou a\u00e9rien de Claude Chappe.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00a9\u00ba\u00b0\u00a8\u00a8\u00b0\u00ba\u00a9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En 1834, deux banquiers, Fran\u00e7ois et Joseph BLANC<\/strong>, fr\u00e8res jumeaux originaires de Courteron (84) et demeurant \u00e0 Bordeaux, fondent une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de placements et se mettent \u00e0 sp\u00e9culer sur la hausse et la baisse des valeurs \u00e9chang\u00e9es \u00e0 la Bourse de Bordeaux. Ils comprennent rapidement l\u2019avantage de savoir \u00e0 l\u2019avance sur leurs concurrents les informations venues de la Bourse de Paris, avant que le march\u00e9 bordelais ne s\u2019aligne sur celui de la capitale. En effet, lors de la cl\u00f4ture de la Bourse de Paris, les cours sont envoy\u00e9s par messagers \u00e0 cheval dans chacune des Bourses de France et, pour la ville de Bordeaux, le d\u00e9lai est de 3 jours.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nAfin de r\u00e9aliser leur projet, ils vont pirater le syst\u00e8me de t\u00e9l\u00e9graphie des fr\u00e8res CHAPPE en soudoyant des fonctionnaires charg\u00e9s de leur manipulation. Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 consiste \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer sur la ligne de Paris \u00e0 Bordeaux un signal convenu, dans n\u2019importe quel message, car si les employ\u00e9s des tours voyaient des messages concernant les cours de la Bourse, ils ne manqueraient pas de s\u2019interroger.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nIl faut donc trouver un code : c\u2019est Pierre RENAUD<\/strong>, ancien directeur des t\u00e9l\u00e9graphes Chappe de Lyon et connaissant donc bien les t\u00e9l\u00e9graphes, qui met au point ce signal pirate qui est par la suite transmis de tour en tour, signal qui signifie soit \u00ab march\u00e9 en baisse \u00bb <\/em>soit \u00ab march\u00e9 en hausse \u00bb.<\/em> A Bordeaux, un autre complice se charge de pr\u00e9venir d\u00e8s que le message arrive \u00e0 destination. Ceci leur permet d\u2019avoir ainsi un certain temps d\u2019avance sur leurs concurrents et, de cette fa\u00e7on, r\u00e9aliser d\u2019importantes plus-values.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nLe principe de ce code secret concerne celui des erreurs de transcriptions : lorsque les op\u00e9rateurs transmettent les messages, il arrive parfois qu\u2019ils commettent des erreurs ressemblant \u00e0 des fautes de frappe ; dans ce cas ils transmettent un code d\u2019effacement pour indiquer l\u2019erreur. Mais, entretemps, le message erron\u00e9 est d\u00e9j\u00e0 transmis \u00e0 une autre tour, qui le transmet \u00e0 une autre, etc. Il faut donc attendre le bout de la ligne, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les messages sont traduits, pour qu\u2019on se rende compte de l\u2019erreur et qu\u2019on efface le message pour conserver le bon.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nLorsque l\u2019on communique de Paris \u00e0 Bordeaux, le message s\u2019arr\u00eate \u00e0 Tours o\u00f9 les messages sont traduits, corrig\u00e9s, et reprennent leur route vers Bordeaux.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nAvec ce syst\u00e8me, il est possible pour un directeur corrompu d\u2019envoyer un message contenant une erreur manifeste : l\u2019op\u00e9rateur doit donc indiquer le code d\u2019erreur en faisant bouger les bras du t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe, mais ces bras sont visibles de tous et, m\u00eame s\u2019il est difficile de d\u00e9chiffrer les messages, il est possible pour un observateur aguerri de reconna\u00eetre un code d\u2019erreur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nComme les messages d\u2019erreur s\u2019arr\u00eatent \u00e0 Tours, il faut dans ce cas corrompre le directeur du t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe de Tours. Et puisque ce qui int\u00e9resse les deux fr\u00e8res ce sont les cours de la Bourse de Paris, il faut utiliser un moyen rapide et discret de transmettre un message de Paris \u00e0 Tours.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nLe syst\u00e8me qu\u2019ils mettent en place est le suivant :<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\nUn premier complice \u00e0 Paris observe les cours de la Bourse et, lorsqu\u2019il constate une hausse ou une baisse, il envoie un petit paquet \u00e0 la femme du directeur de Tours (en cas de hausse, il envoie des gants blancs et, si c\u2019est une baisse, il envoie des chaussettes noires).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\nLe directeur de Tours introduit le code d\u2019erreur signifiant \u00ab hausse \u00bb<\/em> ou \u00ab baisse \u00bb<\/em> dans un message en direction de Bordeaux.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
A Bordeaux, dans une chambre d\u2019h\u00f4tel avec vue sur le t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe, Pierre RENAUD (qui conna\u00eet bien les codes) est charg\u00e9 de d\u00e9chiffrer le message et de transmettre l\u2019information aux deux fr\u00e8res BLANC, qui se d\u00e9p\u00eachent de vendre ou d\u2019acheter des actions.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nCette fraude dura deux ans, de 1832 \u00e0 1834 ; elle prit fin lorsque le stationnaire corrompu tomba malade et qu\u2019avant de mourir, il r\u00e9v\u00e9la l\u2019astuce \u00e0 un ami en esp\u00e9rant que celui-ci prenne sa place. Mauvaise id\u00e9e, car la personne s\u2019empressa de d\u00e9noncer la fraude aux autorit\u00e9s !<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nAu terme d\u2019un proc\u00e8s retentissant, les deux fr\u00e8res furent pourtant acquitt\u00e9s car il n\u2019existait aucune loi pour encadrer l\u2019usage des r\u00e9seaux de communication. Une loi sera vot\u00e9e l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, en toute urgence.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nLes fr\u00e8res BLANC seront condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 une simple amende pour corruption de fonctionnaires.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\nCe stratag\u00e8me est \u00e0 la base de la plupart des virus informatiques actuels, <\/span><\/em><\/strong>qui fonctionnent sur le m\u00eame principe : une personne s\u2019introduit dans le syst\u00e8me <\/span><\/em><\/strong>et une autre se sert de ces informations pour s\u2019enrichir.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Article issu de l’exposition du CGDT sur Le T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe de Chappe en Touraine\u00e0 la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que de Chambray-l\u00e8s-Tours Voici comment deux fr\u00e8res, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de complices, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 pirater le premier syst\u00e8me de communication en y introduisant ce que l\u2019on pourrait appeler le \u00ab premier virus \u00bb. Bien avant l\u2019invention du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, la France avait Lire plus …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5771943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,18],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5772611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire-et-genealogie","category-tours"],"yoast_head":"\n1834 : piratage du T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe \u00e0 Tours - Le Blog du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?p=5772611\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1834 : piratage du T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe \u00e0 Tours - Le Blog du Centre G\u00e9n\u00e9alogique de Touraine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Article issu de l’exposition du CGDT sur Le T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe de Chappe en Touraine\u00e0 la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que de Chambray-l\u00e8s-Tours Voici comment deux fr\u00e8res, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de complices, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 pirater le premier syst\u00e8me de communication en y introduisant ce que l\u2019on pourrait appeler le \u00ab premier virus \u00bb. 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L\u00c9TARD","author_link":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/?author=4"},"uagb_comment_info":4,"uagb_excerpt":"Article issu de l’exposition du CGDT sur Le T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe de Chappe en Touraine\u00e0 la m\u00e9diath\u00e8que de Chambray-l\u00e8s-Tours Voici comment deux fr\u00e8res, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de complices, ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 pirater le premier syst\u00e8me de communication en y introduisant ce que l\u2019on pourrait appeler le \u00ab premier virus \u00bb. Bien avant l\u2019invention du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, la France avait\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5772611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5772611"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5772611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5772746,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5772611\/revisions\/5772746"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5771943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5772611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5772611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5772611"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.tourainegenealogie.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_folder&post=5772611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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